Is diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) associated with increased female mortality? A meta-analysis testing the hypotheses of sex-differential non-specific effects of DTP vaccine

Is diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) associated with increased female mortality? A meta-analysis testing the hypotheses of sex-differential non-specific effects of DTP vaccine

BACKGROUND Ten years ago, we formulated two hypotheses about whole-cell diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccination: first, when given after BCG, DTP increases mortality in girls and, second, following DTP there is an increase in the female/male mortality rate ratio (MRR). A recent review by WHO found no convincing evidence that DTP increases mortality in females. METHODS We used previous ...

Testing the hypothesis that diphtheria–tetanus–pertussis vaccine has negative non-specific and sex-differential effects on child survival in high-mortality countries

BACKGROUND Measles vaccines (MV) have sex-differential effects on mortality not explained by protection against measles infection. OBJECTIVE The authors examined whether whole-cell diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccine has sex-differential and non-specific effects. DATA SOURCES AND ELIGIBILITY Following previous reviews and a new search, the effect of DTP on mortality up to the next va...

Sex-differential non-specific effects of BCG and DTP in Cebu, The Philippines.

References 1 Singh-Manoux A, Shipley M, Zins M, Ferrie JE. Author’s response. Int J Epidemiol 2008;37:1439–40. 2 Huisman M, Van Lenthe F, Mackenbach JP. Author’s reply. Int J Epidemiol 2008;37:1437–38. 3 Dowd JB, Zajacova A. Response to ‘Is the use of selfrated health measures to assess health inequalities misleading?’ Int J Epidemiol 2008;37:1438–39. 4 Subramanian SV, Ertel K. Is the use of se...

ECDC GUIDANCE Scientific panel on childhood immunisation schedule: Diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccination

Should infant girls receive micronutrient supplements?

BACKGROUND We have proposed the hypothesis that the combination of vitamin A supplementation and diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccination may be associated with increased mortality in girls. Recent zinc/folic acid (FA) and iron supplementation trials did not find any beneficial effects on mortality. We reviewed the studies for evidence of a negative interaction between zinc/folic acid/iro...